William C. Ayers, the 1960s radical at the center of a presidential-campaign controversy over the extent of his ties with Sen. Barack Obama, is widely known and respected in education as a professor, commentator, and advocate for progressive teaching and social justice.
Mr. Ayers recently became the vice president-elect for the curriculum studies division of the .
At the AERA鈥檚 annual meeting in New York City in March, he was a panelist for several sessions, including one on the topic 鈥淭he Small Schools Movement Meets the Ownership Society.鈥�
In a paper on his Web site titled (Word doc) Mr. Ayers, 63, writes: 鈥淭eachers might not change the world in dramatic fashion, but we certainly change the people who will change the world.鈥�
Mr. Ayers and his wife, Bernardine Dohrn, tried to bring dramatic change to the world at one time, using methods that have led current political critics of Mr. Ayers to characterize him as an 鈥渦nrepentant terrorist.鈥� Both Mr. Ayers and Ms. Dohrn were members of the , later the Weather Underground, which took a militant approach to opposing the Vietnam War.
Mr. Ayers has acknowledged taking part in Weathermen bombings carried out at the Pentagon, the U.S. Capitol, the Department of State, and elsewhere. No one was injured in those bombings, but three members of the group were killed in New York City when a bomb accidentally exploded in 1970. That incident helped send Mr. Ayers and Ms. Dohrn underground for more than a decade. After they emerged, they embarked on academic careers.
Mr.Ayers is a professor in the education school at the University of Illinois-Chicago, while his wife teaches law at Northwestern University. They live in Chicago鈥檚 Hyde Park-Kenwood area, near the University of Chicago, where they met Mr. Obama, 46, as an up-and-coming politician who also lives in the neighborhood.
鈥榁alued鈥� in Chicago
Sen. Obama, the Illinois Democrat who is battling Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton of New York for the Democratic presidential nomination, was asked about his relationship with Mr.Ayers in an April 16 ABC News debate in Philadelphia.
Sen. Obama described Mr. Ayers as 鈥渁 guy who lives in my neighborhood,鈥� but not one whom 鈥淚 exchange ideas with on a regular basis.鈥�
The two men served together for a time on a charitable group鈥檚 board, and Mr. Ayers and Ms. Dohrn reportedly gave a reception for Mr. Obama in the mid-1990s to help launch his campaign for the Illinois Senate.
Mr. Ayers and his work have been quoted or cited in the pages of Education Week over the years. He was the author of a 1987 Commentary, for example, and the subject of a 1994 profile.
Mr.Ayers could not be reached for comment for this story, and he has kept a low profile since the Philadelphia debate. But on his Web site recently鈥攊n response to a growing storm, particularly among political conservatives, over his past and his ties to Sen. Obama鈥攈e addressed criticisms that he lacked regret for his actions.
鈥淚鈥檓 sometimes asked if I regret anything I did to oppose the war in Viet Nam, and I say 鈥榥o, I don鈥檛 regret anything I did to try to stop the slaughter of millions of human beings by my own government,鈥� 鈥� Mr. Ayers said on April 6. 鈥淪ometimes I add, 鈥業 don鈥檛 think I did enough.鈥� This is then elided: he has no regrets for setting bombs and thinks there should be more bombings.鈥�
In Chicago, Mr. Ayers has been an advocate of small schools and a sometime adviser to Mayor Richard M. Daley on improving the city鈥檚 school system. In the wake of the Philadelphia debate, Mr. Daley called Mr. Ayers a 鈥渧alued member of the Chicago community.鈥�
鈥淏y the time Obama came to Chicago, Bill and Bernardine had long since become fully contributing and completely respectable members of the civic community and pillars of the Hyde Park community,鈥� said Adolph L. Reed, a political science professor at the University of Pennsylvania, who once lived in the Chicago neighborhood and says he is a friend of the couple. 鈥淲hat I think is a subject for concern is that Obama is vulnerable to the ... Republican propaganda machine.鈥�
Sen. John McCain of Arizona, the presumptive GOP nominee, has indicated he is willing to tie Sen. Obama to Mr.Ayers.
The relationship between the two was 鈥渙pen to question,鈥� Sen. McCain said on the ABC News program 鈥淭his Week鈥� on April 20. 鈥淏ecause if you鈥檙e going to associate and have as a friend and serve on a board and have a guy kick off your campaign that says he鈥檚 unrepentant, that he wished [he had] bombed more. 鈥� 鈥�
Education Views Criticized
For Sol Stern, a contributing editor of City Journal, published by the right-leaning Manhattan Institute in New York City, the current concern is Mr. Ayers鈥� espousal of a social-justice philosophy in education.
鈥淭he more pressing issue is not the damage done by the Weather Underground 40 years ago, but the far greater harm inflicted on the nation鈥檚 schoolchildren by the political and educational movement in which Ayers plays a leading role today,鈥� on the journal鈥檚 Web site.
In an interview, Mr. Stern added: 鈥淒on鈥檛 get me wrong鈥擨鈥檓 not saying his time in the Weather Underground was harmless, but it was limited damage. But there is a lot of damage in this movement for teaching social justice in the schools. It is based on teaching kids a left-wing ideology.鈥�
Danny Martin, the chairman of the curriculum and instruction department at UIC鈥檚 education school, said last week that he had been instructed not to comment on the controversy.
