District leaders, state lawmakers, and student advocates have begun agitating for their urgently needed federal stimulus relief as some states have been especially slow in getting that money into the hands of school districts.
Schools in some states have already started spending money from recent federal spending packages passed to provide relief during the COVID-19 pandemic. Others know the amount they鈥檙e expected to get, but don鈥檛 yet have the dollars at their disposal.
Others still remain in the dark on how much they鈥檒l receive, the requirements for getting that money, and when they鈥檒l get it.
In Michigan, for instance, GOP lawmakers passed a bill this week requiring schools to offer 20 hours of in-person learning by May 10 in order to receive federal relief funds, . Gretchen Whitmer, the state鈥檚 Democratic governor, is likely to veto the bill, which prompted the state teachers鈥� union to breaking down the amount of money each school district will be unable to access if the GOP plan moves forward.
District leaders in Texas for weeks have been and for federal money they say they badly need as they prepare next year鈥檚 budgets. This Wednesday, the Texas governor鈥檚 office that it would make $11 billion in federal aid available to school districts immediately.
That news was a relief for superintendents after several agonizing weeks, said Kevin Brown, executive director of the Texas Association of School Administrators. Districts have been developing plans for summer school and other programs to address learning loss and mental health challenges, but without concrete assurance of a dollar amount, they haven鈥檛 been able to start executing on those plans, he said.
鈥淵ou can鈥檛 ask a superintendent to say 鈥榃e鈥檙e going to spend millions of dollars in summer school鈥� without knowing for sure that you鈥檙e going to have those funds flow through,鈥� Brown said.
State and local education policymakers and observers are trying to walk a fine line between rushing to spend money on urgent priorities and taking the time to develop coherent long-term plans.
Schools have more than three years to use the latest round of federal money. Some initiatives will get underway immediately, but others may require time and more engagement with the community to take shape, said Terra Wallin, associate director for P-12 policy for the Education Trust.
鈥淭here is a level of meeting the immediate needs now and taking the time to plan out what the strategy looks like over the next four years,鈥� Wallin said. 鈥淚 don鈥檛 think you have to choose one over the other.鈥�
A varied landscape from state to state
Tracking the flow of federal relief dollars from governments to school districts is turning out to be an enormously complex task. There鈥檚 no national database showing which states have or have not permitted districts to spend federal funds, and no easy way to determine which of the three sets of federal stimulus packages, or which combination of the three, has become available for districts to spend.
Federal Republicans have raised concerns several times during the pandemic that schools haven鈥檛 spent much of the federal relief they鈥檝e received so far, and cited those concerns when arguing schools didn鈥檛 deserve additional aid. Education leaders have pushed back, pointing out that much of the money is going toward programs or initiatives, like payroll, with long-term expenses that haven鈥檛 yet shown up in data.
The confusion over the distribution of federal K-12 money in Texas isn鈥檛 over. The state still hasn鈥檛 sent school districts roughly $7 billion, which appears to be largely from the smaller federal stimulus package Congress passed in December.
The delay can be attributed in part to a provision in the law that requires the state to maintain funding for both K-12 and higher education at the same levels as recent years. The state would need to boost its higher education budget by $1.2 billion, though it鈥檚 applied for a waiver from the U.S. Department of Education to bypass that requirement.
The governor鈥檚 office said this week that districts鈥� questions about how much they can expect from that additional pot of money will be resolved by the end of next month.
The delay on that smaller amount won鈥檛 be as disruptive for districts鈥� planning, but it could make budgeting more complicated. Even though funds from the March federal package are arriving first, districts should pivot to using the December federal funds once they鈥檙e available, Brown said, because they expire sooner.
In Arizona, a state lawmaker earlier this month to immediately send more than $70 million of available federal funds to school districts hit hardest by the pandemic. The agency has said it plans to direct the money toward statewide education needs rather than local districts鈥� budgets.
Meanwhile, Arizona districts are hurting鈥攖he Gilbert schools have already announced plans to and other employees to account for declining student enrollment, and other nearby districts have also announced cuts, according to local media reports.
鈥淭he last thing we need is to have fewer teachers available to take care of our kids and possibly fewer counselors to take care of our kids at a time when our children need this emotional support more than ever,鈥� Mitzi Epstein, a member of the Arizona House of Representatives, the SanTan Sun.
An additional complication: In order to use the federal funds, schools in states like Ohio will be required to spend the money and get reimbursed later, which could be a challenge for districts with little cash on hand.
鈥淲e鈥檙e not getting a $93 million check to sit in our bank account,鈥� Jenn Wagner, treasurer for the Cincinnati public schools, the local news station WLWT5.
A wide array of challenges with short- and long-term solutions
The largely unprecedented burst of federal dollars, coming in three separate installments, each with different rules and deadlines, is trickling to schools during what is already a chaotic season, as districts race to finalize budget proposals and negotiate with state legislatures before their new fiscal year begins this summer.
Further complicating matters, the most recent federal stimulus package also included money for state and local governments, which could go toward K-12 schools, among other spending priorities.
The American Rescue Plan, signed into law by President Joe Biden on March 11, included $129 billion in direct aid for K-12 schools. The U.S. Department of Education released two-thirds of that money to state departments of education last month, and announced last week that states and school districts must submit detailed documentation of their budget and operational planning before receiving the last third.
Biden and Democrats in Congress pushed for this third and largest round of school aid to help schools return to normal in-person operations and recover from the challenges highlighted and exacerbated by the pandemic鈥攃atching up on lost learning time, dealing with mental health challenges, distributing high-quality technology tools, and improving building infrastructure.
Schools have already begun the balancing act of addressing immediate needs and investing in programs that will yield dividends for years to come. Some, like the Newark district in New Jersey, are on how to make the money count for the long haul.
鈥淲e need to think about how we can save this money,鈥� Newark Superintendent Roger Le贸n . 鈥淲hen I say 鈥榮ave it,鈥� I mean, how can we utilize the money now and then see evidence of it later.鈥�
Other schools have more timely considerations at hand. Now that Texas has assured a large chunk of money will be available, Brown said, districts can start contacting parents about summer school options, hiring teachers, organizing food service and transportation logistics, and deciding which school buildings will be the central hubs for summer programs.
鈥淲ith about a month left of school, they are really going to have to act with urgency,鈥� Brown said.
