Peter Zamora鈥攍awyer, former high school teacher, and energetic advocate for the needs of English-language learners鈥攃an trace his concern for such students to time spent in a California high school.
Over a three-year stint teaching English, before he quit to go to law school, he chafed at what he describes as a 鈥渞igid tracking system鈥� that left Latino and African-American students behind.
鈥淎ll these issues of class and race and policy hang together,鈥� said Mr. Zamora, Washington counsel for the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund. While English-language learners may need to receive different kinds of instruction from that given other students, it shouldn鈥檛 be 鈥渄ifferently paced in terms of academic content,鈥� he said.
At 33, and only four years out of Georgetown University Law Center, Mr. Zamora is now putting that experience鈥攁nd his own considerable diplomatic skills鈥攖o use as co-chairman of a diverse coalition of advocacy groups pressing the concerns of English-learners as Congress considers reauthorization of the No Child Left Behind Act.
Testifying on behalf of the Hispanic Education Coalition at a March 23 congressional hearing, he spoke out for better assessments for English-learners, more technical assistance for the states on testing issues, and the importance of fully including English-learners in NCLB鈥檚 accountability system.
Melissa Lazar铆n, the associate director for education policy for the National Council of La Raza, sees Mr. Zamora as the ideal person to help lead the coalition of 25 Hispanic-advocacy groups, education organizations, and unions, which sometimes have competing agendas and priorities.
鈥淗e鈥檚 really great at ensuring everybody has a voice in the process鈥攁nd very easy to work with,鈥� said Ms. Lazar铆n, who heads a committee that since last summer has been hammering out recommendations on behalf of the coalition for how the federal law should be reauthorized.
Mr. Zamora鈥檚 classroom experience with disadvantaged students is one of his strengths as a policymaker, said Raul Gonzalez, the legislative director for La Raza and a friend of Mr. Zamora鈥檚. Few people working as congressional staff members or for Washington-based advocacy groups have been classroom teachers, Mr. Gonzalez said.
鈥淏eing able to marry federal policy with what happens on the ground with a civil rights perspective makes him a good advocate,鈥� Mr. Gonzalez said. 鈥淎nd you won鈥檛 find many people who are better at it than he is.鈥�
Diplomacy Needed
Mr. Zamora鈥檚 diplomatic skills were tested in the process of coming up with testimony that could be supported by the diverse coalition concerned about some of the highly charged issues surrounding how to reauthorize the federal education law to benefit English-language learners.
He also recently waded into a dispute between the federal government and Virginia school districts over how to include English-learners in testing鈥攖aking the side of the federal Education Department.
Members of the Fairfax County, Va., school board currently are resisting a mandate by the Education Department to change how the district is testing some English-language learners this school year. The federal government has warned the 164,000-student district that it could lose $17 million in federal funds if it follows through on the threat. (鈥淰irginia Backs Down on ELL Student Tests,鈥� Feb. 28, 2007.)
On behalf of MALDEF and the Washington-based La Raza, Mr. Zamora sent a letter to members of the Fairfax board urging them not to resist. He said in an interview that MALDEF and other civil rights groups feel that the federal education law shouldn鈥檛 provide more flexibility for school districts to exclude English-learners in testing. Their reasoning: In the past, such flexibility meant that districts failed to be serious about meeting the needs of those students.
But district Superintendent Jack D. Dale said in a phone interview last week that giving the state鈥檚 regular reading test to English-learners at the lowest levels of proficiency in English isn鈥檛 鈥渆ducationally sound.鈥�
鈥淲e question the validity of giving a reading test to a child in a language they don鈥檛 fully understand yet,鈥� he said. 鈥淲e don鈥檛 think you get valid results.鈥�
This issue is ticklish even within the Hispanic Education Coalition.
Four members of Virginia鈥檚 congressional delegation鈥攊ncluding Sens. John W. Warner, a Republican, and Jim Webb, a Democrat鈥攈ave introduced bills that would give districts a one-year grace period to comply with the testing requirement. (鈥淏ills Would Ease NCLB Rules on English-Language Learners,鈥� March 28, 2007.)
Some coalition members, including MALDEF and La Raza, oppose that measure. But the National Education Association, which also is a member of the coalition, supports the bill, according to Joel Packer, the union鈥檚 director of education policy and practice.
鈥淲e are supporting our Virginia [NEA] affiliate that believes there needs to be additional flexibility for this year, and the other members of the Hispanic Education Coalition have a different view on that piece,鈥� Mr. Packer explained last week.
Still, members of the coalition remain united on some fundamental issues involving the NCLB law and English-learners. Mr. Packer noted that the NEA agrees with the main points of Mr. Zamora鈥檚 recent testimony, such as that the current assessments used for English-learners 鈥渁re not valid and appropriate,鈥� and must be improved.
Diverse Experience
Mr. Zamora鈥檚 ease in navigating such issues appears to reflect his life experience.
While he works for an organization with 鈥淢exican American鈥� in its name, he is not of Mexican descent鈥擹amora is a Basque name. He鈥檚 fluent in Spanish because while growing up, he spent summers and his 4th grade year in Mexico. His parents, who live in Houston, are academics with an interest in Mexico, his father in Mexican law and his mother in Latin American art and literature.
The lawyer said he鈥檚 comfortable moving between cultures, noting that he grew up attending 鈥渄iverse integrated鈥� public schools in Houston.
Besides teaching, Mr. Zamora has been a consultant for the District of Columbia public schools, an education lawyer for the Washington-based law firm Brustein & Manasevit, and a legal intern in the Education Department鈥檚 office for civil rights.
But he traces his motivation to advocate policies that help English-learners in part to his time at Hayward High School in Hayward, Calif., where he taught in the late 1990s.
His college-preparatory classes, he said, were made up mostly of Anglos, and his basic-skills classes were composed mostly of Latinos and African-Americans, which he believes was largely because of the students鈥� economic status.
鈥淢any of these decisions were made early in a child鈥檚 school career, and the basic-skills kids got a slowed-down curriculum,鈥� Mr. Zamora said. 鈥淚 taught 12th grade. I saw students at the end of their careers and could see the gulf between the basic-skills and the college-prep students.鈥�
