糖心动漫vlog

As many state legislative sessions come to an end, several governors are celebrating the success of their preschool funding proposals, a sign that the expansion of early-childhood education continues to be a major priority for state leaders.

But the practical challenges are on display in Arizona and in the city of Denver, where a variety of issues鈥攊ncluding which children will qualify for services and how the revenue will be distributed鈥攔emain unsettled as officials work to get new, voter-adopted early-childhood initiatives off the ground.

In Arizona last November, voters approved an 80-cents-per-pack tax on cigarettes to pay for the state鈥檚 new , which is expected to raise about $150 million a year for services such as child-development information for parents and grants to preschool providers to improve quality.

But even though more than $40 million has already been collected, it could be more than a year before the money is actually directed to any programs, said Elliott Hibbs, the interim executive director for the board that Gov. Janet Napolitano, a Democrat, has appointed to oversee the program.

The board members, who are still awaiting confirmation by the Arizona Senate, are 鈥渢rying to resist the urge to spend money in order to have the appearance of spending money,鈥� Mr. Hibbs said, and waiting for results of a statewide needs assessment.

鈥楢 Lot of Question Marks鈥�

Board members also are deliberating over how to draw regional lines and appoint people to local councils to determine which child-development and health programs for young children should receive state funds.

Preschool providers, nevertheless, are anxious about those funds鈥� becoming available.

鈥淲e鈥檙e all just trying to sit on our hands,鈥� said Joanne Floth, the president of the . 鈥淭here are a lot of question marks floating around.鈥�

In Denver, a new board of directors and a board of advisers are beginning to make decisions about how to implement the 鈥渢uition assistance鈥� program, which was just barely approved by local voters.

Mayor John W. Hickenlooper, a Democrat, who was successful in getting a 0.12 percent sales-tax increase approved by voters in November, is urging organizers to have the program available to parents this coming fall, but those in charge of putting it in place say that probably won鈥檛 happen.

Instead of creating a new center-based program, the idea behind the Denver initiative, which will bring in about $11.2 million a year, is to supplement the cost of high-quality preschool programs for low-income parents, said Susan Gallo, the deputy director of the Mayor鈥檚 Office for Education and Children.

鈥淚t鈥檚 important to have quality, but parent choice is critical, too,鈥� Ms. Gallo said.

She said the money should be available for a variety of preschool providers, not just school-based programs. Several states have also taken that approach as a way to connect the mix of public and private programs and to improve the level of care and education.

鈥淔or us, it鈥檚 really an opportunity to raise the tide for all boats,鈥� Ms. Gallo said.

School Funding Formulas

Some federal policymakers also are interested in doing more on the issue.

At her recent , in Washington, U.S. Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., hinted that she would like to see children鈥檚 issues become a higher priority for the 110th Congress.

鈥淲e also have to have a strong public role,鈥� Ms. Pelosi said at the May 22 event. 鈥淚t鈥檚 about children, but it鈥檚 also about America.鈥�

More state legislatures, meanwhile, are moving to integrate preschool and K-12 funding.

In New York, the state鈥檚 universal pre-K program has received a $146 million boost, bringing total funding to $437 million in fiscal 2008. The increase spreads the program, originally targeted to low-income children, to all but nine of the state鈥檚 680 school districts, and integrates the funding into the state education formula. Previously, just 188 districts were eligible for the aid.

Beyond the budget increase, advocates for early-childhood education say they sense a shift in attitudes toward the program, which passed in 1997 under then-Gov. George E. Pataki, a Republican, but which has received almost no increases in funding since 2000.

鈥淣ow the state education department and 糖心动漫vlog are talking about a P-through-16 education system,鈥� said Nancy Kolben, the executive director of Child Care Inc., a resource and referral agency based in New York City.

The funding, however, is still not enough to offer full-day programs, Ms. Kolben said. Another challenge is that the amount districts receive per child varies across the state because of a funding formula linked to the property-tax base.

Full-day pre-K, however, is one of the options that will be available to the 56 New York school districts that are part of Democratic Gov. Elliot Spitzer鈥檚 new 鈥渃ontracts for excellence鈥� initiative, his response to a state high court ruling in a school funding lawsuit.

Preschool advocates in Iowa are also celebrating Gov. Chet Culver鈥檚 signing of a $60 million plan to make pre-K programs available to almost every 4-year-old in the state. The state will spend $15 million a year for the next four years on a program called Voluntary Preschool Access, which could increase the percentage of children attending pre-K classrooms to 90 percent, from the current level of 10 percent.

The funding will also be part of the state education aid formula, which experts say gives Iowa鈥檚 pre-K programs a stronger chance of seeing budget increases each year. Initially, the funds will be targeted to low-income communities and school districts that aren鈥檛 already offering some type of preschool class.

Over the state line in Illinois, however, no agreement had been reached as of last week on a tax-restructuring plan from Gov. Rod Blagojevich that would help raise another $69 million in fiscal 2008 to continue expanding preschool for 3- and 4-year-olds.

Among governors who support early-childhood programs, Mr. Blagojevich, a Democrat, has stood out in recent years because of his year-after-year funding proposals, which the legislature has approved.

Beginning in fiscal 2004, $30 million was included in the budget for three consecutive years. And this year鈥檚 state budget includes $45 million for the program. The governor鈥檚 fiscal 2008 proposal also includes an extra $30 million capital-improvement plan to build pre-K facilities.

鈥淭he debate is over how much revenue we need,鈥� said Julie Parente, spokeswoman for , a Chicago-based advocacy group.

In California, after being disappointed by the absence of additional preschool funding in January when Republican Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger introduced his fiscal 2008 budget, preschool supporters are now pleased to see an additional $50 million proposed for the state鈥檚 preschool program, which is targeted to low-income families.

鈥淲e look forward to working with both the governor and legislative leaders ... to expand prekindergarten opportunities for California鈥檚 children,鈥� Catherine Atkin, the president of , an advocacy group, said in a press release.