糖心动漫vlog

Debate continued last week over a recent report that connected gains in student achievement in Florida to the state鈥檚 voucher program, as another scholar came forward to question the conclusions of the Manhattan Institute study.

In an academic article published on March 19, a professor at the University of Colorado at Boulder contends that the substantial gains on state tests achieved by Florida schools facing the threat of vouchers might be due to schools鈥� efforts to achieve minimum passing scores on the writing portion of the exam. The analysis came in response to the report released last month by the Manhattan Institute, in which researcher Jay P. Greene concluded that a 鈥渧oucher effect鈥� had motivated low-performing schools to achieve at higher levels.

鈥淚 saw Greene鈥檚 report as partial,鈥� said Haggai Kupermintz, an assistant professor in the research and evaluation methodology program at the University of Colorado鈥檚 school of education and the author of the new article. 鈥淚 thought there was something more in the data than was revealed in his calculations.鈥�

Mr. Kupermintz鈥檚 study follows an analysis by two Rutgers University professors that also questioned Mr. Greene鈥檚 study. (鈥淐hoice Words,鈥� March 21, 2001.)

Writing Test Eyed

The Kupermintz study, which was published in a scholarly journal, Education Policy Analysis Archives, suggests that failing schools had followed a strategy to escape the threat of vouchers by working to achieve the minimum score necessary to pass the writing portion of the Florida Comprehensive Achievement Test.

Under the state鈥檚 accountability program, schools are assigned letter grades based primarily on their performance on the reading, writing, and mathematics portions of the exam. Students in schools graded F for two out of four years qualify to receive publicly funded vouchers to attend private schools. Schools need only pass one section of the exam to escape the list of failing schools.

If schools made concerted efforts to teach students how to achieve the minimum passing score on the writing section鈥攁 3 on a scale of 1 to 6鈥�"then this would be reflected by the scores converging at the score of three, and this is what my data show,鈥� Mr. Kupermintz said.

The report also cites an article exploring Florida students鈥� gains in writing published on June 21, 2000, in a Florida newspaper, The St. Petersburg Times, which asserted that 鈥淔lorida 糖心动漫vlog have figured out how the state鈥檚 writing test works and are gearing instruction toward it鈥攚ith constant writing, and in many cases, a shamelessly formulaic approach.鈥�

鈥淢y findings are consistent with this explanation,鈥� Mr. Kupermintz said.

Mr. Greene was not available for comment last week, but in his original study he anticipated critics who might offer other reasons for the test-score gains he found.

鈥淲hile one cannot anticipate or rule out all plausible alternative explanations for the findings in this study,鈥� Mr. Greene wrote, 鈥渙ne should follow the general advice to expect horses when one hears hoofbeats, not zebras.鈥�