Two Minnesota school districts are experimenting with new ways to pay teachers. Instead of salary systems based solely on teachers鈥� experience and education levels, the teachers are being compensated based on their demonstrated skills and on the achievement of their students.
Now, Gov. Tim Pawlenty wants districts across the state to take that approach.
鈥淭he way we pay [teachers] is outdated,鈥� the Republican said in his Jan. 18 State of the State Address. 鈥淚t鈥檚 not geared towards accountability for results, and it doesn鈥檛 treat teachers like professionals.鈥�
Governors throughout the country are singing a similar refrain as they unveil proposals for this legislative season.
Democrats and Republicans alike are calling for merit pay, pay for performance, and other ways that deviate from the generally inflexible salary schedules under which teachers are paid. Though many of the proposals are still only rough sketches, they reflect governors鈥� desires to increase teacher salaries.
But because state budgets remain too tight for generous across-the-board raises, and new accountability rules demand significant student-achievement gains, governors want to reward the best teachers, said Michael B. Allen, the program director for teaching quality at the Education Commission of the States.
鈥淏y and large, they don鈥檛 want to raise teacher salaries without accountability,鈥� said Mr. Allen, who tracks teacher issues for the Denver-based clearinghouse on state education policies.
Alternative methods of paying teachers have been proposed in states as large as California and as small as Rhode Island.
Coast to Coast
In New Mexico, for example, Gov. Bill Richardson, a Democrat, is calling for lawmakers to add $51 million to the state鈥檚 new three-tiered pay system, in which teachers earn salary increases by demonstrating how they have improved their skills and the impact they are having on student learning.
In California, Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, a Republican, has called for ending the tenure system for K-12 teachers and replacing it with a pay-for-performance system, which would rely on student test scores.
In Texas, Gov. Rick Perry, also a Republican, wants to attract teachers to schools with the lowest student performance by paying them $7,500 above the standard pay.
鈥淭oo often, our struggling schools attract our most inexperienced teachers,鈥� Gov. Perry said in his State of the State Address last week. 鈥淲e need to recruit proven teachers to underperforming schools, teachers who can turn around a campus one child and one classroom at a time.鈥�
Governors of Idaho, Mississippi, and Wisconsin are also proposing alternative-pay options, such as bonuses for raising student test scores or taking tough assignments, for example, and pay for performance based on student test scores.
While Democrats are among those proposing alternative teacher-pay plans, the GOP governors are seeking the most ambitious changes.
Minnesota Expansion
Mr. Pawlenty, Minnesota鈥檚 first-term governor, would supplement the budgets of school districts that overhaul traditional pay systems and create different levels of teachers, allowing the best teachers to become master teachers advising a whole school and others to become mentors.
The plan would provide $155 per student in extra state aid to participating districts. The districts also would be allowed to exceed revenue caps to raise $70 per student in local funds, said Bill Walsh, a spokesman for the Minnesota Department of Education.
The $60 million Mr. Pawlenty has proposed over two years would be enough to reach districts serving half the state鈥檚 850,000 K-12 students, Mr. Walsh said.
Mr. Walsh acknowledged that the proposal has drawn the scorn of the statewide teachers鈥� union. But he pointed out that a federally financed project with similar goals has been supported by teachers and union officials in three Minneapolis schools and in Minnesota鈥檚 2,200-student Waseca school district.
鈥淲hen we talk to local unions about what it means for their teachers,鈥� he said, 鈥渨e get more excitement.鈥�
But the president of the Minneapolis teachers鈥� union said that the teachers in the three Minneapolis schools have supported the federally funded project because its benefits are in addition to鈥攏ot instead of鈥攖he traditional pay schedule.
She said her union wouldn鈥檛 support a statewide project that didn鈥檛 have similar guarantees.
鈥淚 don鈥檛 foresee that we鈥檇 be taking any giant leaps without knowing that we鈥檇 have a pretty secure, soft landing,鈥� said Louise A. Sundin, the president of the 5,500-member Minneapolis Federation of Teachers.
In California, Gov. Schwarzenegger鈥檚 plan faces other obstacles.
Other Priorities
His teacher-pay proposal is being overshadowed by a budget proposal that infuriated education groups.
Many education lobbyists say that the governor has lost credibility with the education community and the Democratic- controlled legislature. That鈥檚 because, they say, he proposed a fiscal 2006 budget that violates constitutional minimum-funding guarantees and reneges on a handshake deal from last year, when 糖心动漫vlog agreed to temporary funding cuts in exchange for greater funding this year. (鈥淪chwarzenegger Budget Sparks Controversy,鈥� Jan. 19, 2005.)
鈥淲e might have been sympathetic to discussing the idea, 鈥� but now there is a great deal of trepidation in dealing with this governor,鈥� said Kevin Gordon, the president of School Innovations and Advocacy, a Sacramento-based lobbying and research group that represents several major education groups and school districts.
